Who qualifies
Under FRA, can't work for 12+ months due to a medical condition, and have enough recent work credits. Special rules at 50, 55, and 60 make approval easier ("grid rules").
What you get
Monthly benefit equal to your projected Social Security retirement amount. Converts automatically to retirement at FRA. Medicare kicks in 24 months after SSDI starts.
Tips that matter
If you're 55+ and have a physical impairment that rules out your past work, the Medical-Vocational Guidelines often direct a finding of disabled even without a "listed" impairment. Don't give up after a first denial — 70%+ of approvals come on appeal.
How to apply
ssa.gov/disability online, or any local SSA office.
State-level help on top of this
Most states layer their own programs on top of this federal one — pharmacy assistance, property tax relief, state Medicaid waivers. Pick your state to see what's available where you live.